MANNITOL
(Mannitol)

product

Marketing authorisation No.: LP-000898

Composition:

Mannitol — 100/150 g,

Sodium chloride – 9 g,

Water for injections – up to 1.0 L.

Theoretical osmolarity:

10 % solution – 857 mOsmol/L,

15 % solution – 1132 mOsmol/L,

Therapeutic category: Diuretic agent.



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Pharmacological properties

Pharmacodynamics. Mannitol is an osmotic diuretic agent that leads to water retention in the renal tubules and increased volume of urine by means of increasing the osmotic pressure of blood plasma and filtration in the renal glomeruli without subsequent tubular reabsorption (mannitol is little subjected to reabsorption). Diuretic effect is increased depending on concentration (dose). Causes an increase in circulating blood volume.

Pharmacokinetics. The elimination half-life of mannitol is about 100 min. The drug is excreted renally. Mannitol excretion is regulated by glomerular filtration, without significant involvement of tubular reabsorption and secretion. When 100 g of mannitol is administered intravenously, 80% is detected in the urine within 3 hours. In patients with renal failure the elimination half-life of mannitol may rise up to 36 hours.

Indications. Cerebral oedema, intracranial hypertension (in renal or renal-hepatic insufficiency); oliguria in acute renal or renal-hepatic failure with preserved renal filtration capacity (as part of combination therapy), post-transfusion complications after administration of incompatible blood, forced diuresis in poisoning with barbiturates, salicylates; prevention of hemolysis during surgical interventions using extracorporeal circulation in order to prevent renal ischemia and associated acute renal failure.

Shelf life: 3 years.